Introduction: Adult asthma, which has a prevalence of 6% to 7% in France, is caused by multiple factors, particularly occupational ones. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of asthma in France according to sociodemographic and occupational characteristics using data from the 2012 Health and Social Protection Survey (ESPS). Methods: This study covers the population aged 15 and older. The prevalence of current asthma, defined as a self-reported diagnosis of asthma within the past 12 months, was examined according to the socioprofessional variables collected in the ESPS. Results: Of the 23,047 individuals surveyed, 12,565 were included in this study. The prevalence of current asthma was 7.4%. The likelihood of having asthma was higher among those who were unemployed or economically inactive, without a diploma, with the lowest incomes, or receiving supplementary universal health coverage. Regarding occupations, among men, retail and personal service workers and administrative staff had a higher probability of asthma. Conclusions: Findings regarding social inequalities in health for asthma remain relevant. In the future, associations between socio-occupational characteristics and asthma should be studied more precisely using cohorts currently being developed in France.