Introduction - Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart rhythm disorder; it is associated, in particular, with a high risk of stroke and mortality. Stroke prevention in patients with AF is achieved through oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy. The objectives of our study were to describe the incidence of patients treated with OAC for AF in France, to analyze trends in rates between 2010 and 2018, and to examine regional disparities. Methods - Using the National Health Data System (SNDS), an algorithm was developed to identify, among patients newly treated with OAC, those who were treated for AF. Incidence rates of patients treated for AF, both crude and age-standardized, were estimated by year between 2010 and 2018 and by department for 2018. Results - In 2018, 225,747 new patients with AF treated via ACO were identified. The standardized rate was 410 per 100,000 inhabitants. This rate has increased significantly since 2010 (295 per 100,000), peaking in 2012 (455 per 100,000) following the introduction of direct ACOs. Since 2013, a positive average annual trend in rates has been observed, particularly among women (+1.9%), people aged 20–64 (+2.6% among women and +0.5% among men), and those aged 85 and older (+1.2% among women and +0.8% among men). The departments of Nord and Pas-de-Calais had the highest standardized rates of patients newly treated with OACs for AF, more than 20% higher than the national average. Conversely, the French overseas departments had rates lower than the average. Conclusion - These data highlight the prevalence of AF treated with OACs in France and, consequently, the number of patients at risk of stroke. The introduction of OACs has enabled the treatment of a larger number and a broader range of patients with AF in France. The departments in northern France had a higher incidence of this condition than the rest of France.