Each year, more than 50 million people—including over 8 million French citizens—travel to tropical regions. More than half (15% to 70%, depending on the study) report health problems upon returning from their trip, and it is estimated that 8% consult a doctor during their stay or upon their return. Fever upon return from the tropics, reported in 2 to 11% of cases, is often a reason for hospitalization, as many family physicians are unfamiliar with exotic diseases, which nevertheless represent only a fraction of the conditions affecting travelers. We conducted a 5-year prospective descriptive study on the etiologies of fever in patients hospitalized in Marseille upon returning from a trip to the tropics. (Introduction)