Established in mainland France since 2004, the Aedes albopictus mosquito—a vector for dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses—poses a risk of local transmission of these arboviral diseases when individuals infected in areas where these viruses circulate return to mainland France. In mainland France, epidemiological surveillance is based on the mandatory reporting (MR) of probable and confirmed cases. During the Ae. albopictus mosquito’s active season in the departments where the mosquito is established—from May 1 to November 30, known as the “enhanced surveillance period”—mandatory reporting is supplemented by the reporting of imported cases as soon as clinical suspicion arises. In 2017, 37 cases of chikungunya, 269 cases of dengue, and 28 cases of Zika virus infection were reported. During the enhanced surveillance period, 729 reports were submitted. Among these, 7 imported cases and an outbreak of 17 locally acquired cases of chikungunya, 151 imported cases of dengue, 15 imported cases, and 1 locally acquired case of Zika virus infection were confirmed. The spread of Ae. albopictus to nine new departments in 2018 raises questions about the sustainability of the current surveillance system. It could be refocused on confirmed cases, in the absence of local transmission, to improve efficiency and resource utilization. With the constant increase in the global burden of arboviral diseases, it appears essential to inform travelers going to or returning from risk areas and to continuously raise awareness among healthcare professionals regarding this surveillance.