Aedes albopictus, a vector for dengue and chikungunya viruses, poses a risk of local transmission of these arboviruses in metropolitan France. Since its establishment, epidemiological and entomological surveillance has been conducted to prevent the emergence of local outbreaks or to limit their spread. Nine episodes of local transmission of dengue and three of chikungunya were recorded between 2010 and 2018 in mainland France, all in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur and Occitanie, in departments previously colonized by the vector, from July to October when vector density was highest. The areas of viral circulation were limited. Chikungunya outbreaks resulted in more indigenous cases than dengue outbreaks (31 versus 23). A large number of cases were identified through door-to-door surveys conducted in the identified circulation zones. Only one outbreak involved two distinct circulation zones. Dengue serotypes 1 and 2 were responsible for the indigenous transmissions. The viruses responsible for the locally acquired chikungunya cases belonged to the East Central South Africa lineage. The vast majority of outbreaks occurred in single-family homes located in discontinuous urban areas. Adulticide treatments, most of which were repeated, proved effective. The occurrence of these outbreaks was due, in eight instances, to a failure to identify the imported primary case and, in four instances, to the absence or inadequacy of vector control measures (VCM) around the imported primary case. While the epidemiological surveillance system and investigations conducted around indigenous cases proved effective, the experience gained and the identified causes of outbreaks highlight the need to improve epidemiological surveillance and to strengthen awareness and training among healthcare professionals.