This article provides an overview of the HIV epidemic in France following 10 years of use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), based on the French hospital database on HIV infection (ANRS CO4 FHDH). The face of the epidemic has changed over the past 10 years, with the infection increasingly affecting women (32% in 2005), particularly women from sub-Saharan Africa. The population receiving care has also aged, with a growing percentage of individuals over 50 years of age (22% in 2005). In 2005, 79% of patients receiving care were on treatment. Unfortunately, one-third of patients were diagnosed late, leading to an increased risk of mortality over a four-year period. Thanks to cART, a significant reduction in AIDS and deaths has been observed, accompanied by a diversification of morbidity due to the aging of the population and complications of HIV infection, whether treatment-related or not. It is therefore important over the next 10 years to encourage early care. Furthermore, patient care must be comprehensive, taking into account the increased risks of cardiovascular disease and cancer. (R.A.)