Introduction – The resurgence of syphilis in France since the 2000s may influence the incidence of congenital syphilis (CS). This article describes the trends and characteristics of cases identified between 2012 and 2019 in the hospital database of the Program for the Medicalization of Information Systems (PMSI) and that of the National Reference Center for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections (CNR-IST), while assessing the value of the PMSI for monitoring CS. Method – Hospital stays of children under 2 years of age treated for CS in France were extracted from the PMSI. A mother/child questionnaire was used to validate and describe these cases, as well as those confirmed by the CNR. The positive predictive value (PPV) of the PMSI was calculated, and incidence rates per 100,000 live births were adjusted according to the validated cases. Results – A total of 268 cases of SC were identified in the PMSI, including 114 documented cases (43%), with 51 cases validated as SC (PPV=45%). In France, the estimated incidence increased from 1.6 to 2.4 per 100,000 live births, with a more marked increase in the French overseas departments and regions (from 13 to 16.7) than in mainland France (from 1.0 to 1.5). The majority of children (82%) were under 1 month old, and 49% were symptomatic. The mothers were often young (58% under 25 years old), in precarious situations (30% without health insurance), and sometimes undiagnosed (12%). The CNR confirmed 26 cases, 17 of which were documented. Conclusion – The increase in SC, particularly in the overseas territories, highlights the need for enhanced surveillance and targeted prevention strategies for vulnerable populations.