In France, vaccination coverage rates for the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine are insufficient and declining. We analyzed data from the 2012 Health and Social Protection Survey (ESPS) to explore the socioeconomic factors associated with this vaccination and compared the socioeconomic profiles of young girls who had not been vaccinated against HPV and women who had not undergone cervical cytology screening. Data were collected through interviews and self-administered questionnaires from a representative random sample of health insurance beneficiaries. We analyzed, on the one hand, the factors associated with Pap smear screening among women aged 25–65, and on the other hand, the factors associated with HPV vaccination among young women aged 16–24. A sub-analysis was conducted on 685 "mother-daughter" pairs from the same household to examine the association between cervical cancer screening among mothers and HPV vaccination among daughters. Factors associated with lower rates of FCU screening and insufficient HPV vaccination were the lack of private supplemental health insurance (p=0.023 and p=0.037, respectively) and living in a low-income household (p