The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that inequalities were not adequately addressed in France, largely because they could not be measured and analyzed in detail. To do so, it would be necessary to have regular access to data on individuals’ social characteristics within health surveillance systems and medical records. However, to date, this information has been collected only sparingly, inaccurately, or not at all from these various sources. For technical and legal reasons, cross-referencing medical and medical-administrative databases with social data remains difficult to implement. However, avenues are beginning to open up collectively to address this crucial challenge.