The vaccination campaign against influenza A(H1N1)2009 began in France on October 20, 2009. The National Health Insurance Fund sent an invitation for free vaccination at a dedicated center to all individuals covered by social security, starting with priority groups. Individual data were entered into a centralized database containing 64.9 million records. We estimated overall vaccination coverage and coverage within specific at-risk groups. This was defined as the number of people who received at least one dose of the pandemic vaccine in a given group out of the total population invited to be vaccinated in that same group. Overall coverage was 7.9%. It varied by age: it was highest among children aged 6–23 months (20.7%), then decreased to 3.1% among those aged 18–24 years, increased to between 5% and 8% among older adults, and was 7.6% among those aged 65 years or older. Young women (25–44 years) were better vaccinated than young men (8.2% versus 5.9%, p<0.001), whereas men were better vaccinated than women after age 45 (8.2% versus 6.0%, p<0.001). Estimates of vaccination coverage across the 22 regions of metropolitan France ranged from 6.1% (Languedoc-Roussillon) to 12% (Brittany) (median = 8.2%). Vaccination coverage among pregnant women was 22.7%. These low vaccination rates confirm that the French population was largely unresponsive to the messages delivered by health authorities, and likely reflect the controversies surrounding the A(H1N1)2009 vaccine and the organization of the vaccination campaign, as well as the population’s low perception of the risk associated with pandemic influenza. These results are important for preparing measures to be taken in anticipation of the new flu season and for future pandemics. (R.A.)