Objectives: The role of occupational exposure to pesticides in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been well documented, but no study has assessed the excess risk of PD among the French agricultural population. Furthermore, few studies have examined the role of non-occupational exposure in the general population. Methods: Incidence cases of PD in metropolitan France (2010–2012) were identified using databases from the National Inter-Regime Health Insurance Information System (Sniiram). The incidence of MP (2011–2012) among members of the Mutualité sociale agricole (MSA) was compared to that of members of other health insurance schemes. The relationship between agricultural characteristics, defined based on the 1988 agricultural census, and the incidence of MP in metropolitan French cantons was examined. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Poisson regression. Results: the incidence of PD was higher among MSA members (RR=1.09, 95% CI: [1.05–1.13]), particularly among farmers (RR = 1.13 [1.08–1.17]), compared with other health insurance schemes. The incidence of MP increased with the proportion of land devoted to agriculture in French cantons (p