In France, for the year 2018, the estimated number of new cases of esophageal cancer was 5,445, and the estimated number of deaths from esophageal cancer was 3,725 [1]. Squamous cell carcinoma remains the most common type (3,224 cases, 72% of which were in men) despite an increase in the incidence of adenocarcinomas (2,074 cases, 87% of which were in men) in both sexes. Key points: Poor prognosis with a 5-year age-standardized net survival rate of 16% in men and 20% in women for cases diagnosed in 2010–2015; Improvement in 1-year and 5-year age-standardized net survival, which has doubled over 25 years; Improvement in 10-year standardized net survival, which doubled between 1990 and 2010 for all age groups but remains below 10% for people aged 80 and older.