Since 2006, the first five editions of the report *The State of Public Health in France* were intended to serve as a tool for monitoring the objectives of the 2004 Public Health Act. Using available indicators, these editions presented a range of information and data on the health of the French population. However, the desire to better understand certain issues, combined with the evolution and improvement of information systems—particularly those involving medical-administrative databases—led to a rethinking of the report’s content. Thus, in 2012–2013, a major overhaul of the indicators was led and carried out by the Directorate for Research, Studies, Evaluation, and Statistics (DREES) and the General Directorate of Health (DGS), in collaboration with all data producers. This sixth edition reflects and represents the culmination of this work. Coordinated by the DREES, it benefited from the strong involvement of the Institute for Public Health Surveillance and drew on the expertise of all data producers in the field of public health. Composed of fact sheets organized by determinants, population groups, and diseases, this 2015 Report thus provides a detailed overview of the health status of the French population. It provides an analytical perspective on epidemiological data for each health topic. Cross-cutting indicators (demographics, summary data on mortality and morbidity, social health inequalities, etc.), meanwhile, allow for a comprehensive overview of the health status of the French population. Finally, this 2015 edition emphasizes subnational comparisons and the measurement of health inequalities where data are available.