What role do local communities play in implementing health promotion? And first of all, what do we mean by “local communities”? At a time when public policies are increasingly localized, what is the most appropriate level for taking action in health education? This feature article addresses these two questions. Five sections round out this issue: a health promotion initiative in the field of nutrition, targeting vulnerable populations, using an intervention tool; the implementation of health projects with a cultural and civic dimension in agricultural education; Brigitte Sandrin Berthon’s analysis of the challenges of patient education; France’s position in the European ranking of psychoactive substance use; and finally, a debate on homosexuality and self-determined choices inspired by the film “Brokeback Mountain.”