Inequalities are not the result of individual behavior but of living conditions and the environment. Social inequalities in health are very strongly determined by socioeconomic factors. This is the conclusion reached by Thierry Lang, an epidemiologist at the Toulouse Purpan School of Medicine and coordinator of the High Council for Public Health’s report on social inequalities in health. He laments that the discourse on prevention and public health focuses on individual behaviors. Addressing inequalities therefore means rethinking our entire approach to public health.