New Caledonia is a French overseas territory located in the South Pacific. The territory is divided into the Northern Province, the Southern Province, and the Loyalty Islands Province, home to various ethno-cultural groups: Melanesians (44.1%), Europeans (34.1%), Wallisians (9.0%), Tahitians (2.6%), Vietnamese (1.4%), etc. The population was estimated in 2003 at 220,000, half of whom are under 25 years of age, with a natural growth rate of 16 per 1,000. Cancer registration has been in place since 1977. In 1995, management of the Registry was entrusted to the Pasteur Institute of New Caledonia, and since 1998, the Registry has been accredited by the National Registry Committee. This article reviews the last 15 years of data collection. Following an analysis of the data by ethnocultural group and province of residence, the trends in annual incidence rates by sex and anatomical site are presented, followed by a comparison with French and global data. (Authors’ Introduction)