Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have multiple causes. Among the risk factors, so-called behavioral risk factors play a significant role in the onset of these conditions: smoking, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle, alcohol consumption, sleep disorders, depression, and illicit drug use are thus among the main behavioral risk factors for CVD and are considered modifiable and amenable to prevention. The prevalence of these risk factors is high in the French population. In fact, nearly one in three adults is a smoker, 71.7% do not meet the recommendation to eat five fruits and vegetables a day, and four out of five adults consume more than 6g of salt per day; 38.7% of adults do not meet physical activity recommendations, 40.8% have a high level of sedentary behavior, 49.4% report sleep disturbances over the past eight days, and 12.5% report a major depressive episode over the past 12 months. Despite some positive signs, such as the increase in physical activity levels among men or the decline in smoking prevalence, for example, the epidemiological situation regarding these risk factors remains concerning in France. While the gap between men and women in terms of risk factors is narrowing, this is often due to a worsening situation among women, who are increasingly adopting behaviors detrimental to their health and tend to reach the higher levels of risk factors traditionally observed in men. The epidemiological situation underscores the urgent need to strengthen policies aimed at preventing these risk factors.