Background. Regardless of the type of accident, prevention requires a better understanding of the causes and risk factors associated with their occurrence. The Health Barometer is one of the general population surveys that have long contributed to this understanding. The statistical power of this survey and its multi-thematic nature provide accurate data to public health stakeholders. Methods. The 2010 Health Barometer, a representative telephone survey of the general population (ages 15–85), includes a specific module on the occurrence of accidents, administered to 9,110 individuals. The availability of numerous explanatory variables allowed us to explore, using multivariate logistic regressions, the factors associated with different categories of accidents, by age. Furthermore, comparing these results with those obtained in the 2005 Health Barometer allowed us to measure changes over time in the occurrence of accidents. Results. 10.3% of individuals aged 15 to 85 reported an accident in the past 12 months, a prevalence that has increased since 2005, driven primarily by accidents of daily life. The categories of reported accidents and the factors associated with their occurrence vary significantly by age. For older adults, accidents—primarily those occurring in daily life—are associated with the victims’ physical and mental health status (chronic illness, disability, sleep disorders). For younger people, accidents are mainly linked to cannabis use, alcohol intoxication, and insufficient sleep. Furthermore, the results observed by accident category show contrasts: workplace accidents are more frequently reported by the least advantaged socioeconomic groups; sports participation is higher among the most advantaged groups, while no difference is observed in the occurrence of sports-related accidents; finally, a link is established between traffic accidents, psychoactive substance use, and sleep disorders. Conclusion. These new data, beyond confirming certain findings, help identify the risk factors involved in the occurrence of accidents at different stages of life—information that is essential for implementing appropriate preventive measures.