In France, epidemiological surveillance of cancer is based on a multi-source surveillance system and a partnership work program (PTP) defined and implemented by the French Network of Cancer Registries (Francim), the Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Department of the Hospices Civils de Lyon, Santé publique France, and the National Cancer Institute. This article presents the results of the 2014–2019 PTP Cancer. A questionnaire regarding project implementation and financial resources was completed for all 56 PTP projects. Among the 49 completed projects are national incidence and survival estimates produced for 70 types of cancer, including age-specific trends. Departmental incidence estimates were produced for all departments, including areas not covered by a registry. The distribution of stages at diagnosis and the effect of socioeconomic disadvantage on incidence and survival were studied. The analysis of net conditional survival led to a better assessment of the risk of dying from cancer in the context of patient insurability and to the establishment of a “right to be forgotten” for people with a history of cancer. By contributing innovative data to national and regional public policies, the 2014–2019 PTP Cancer program has been a success. It provides a major contribution to building future surveillance, based on the 2021–2030 Ten-Year Strategy for the Fight Against Cancer. The sustainability of registries, data protection, cross-referencing of databases, and the development of sub-departmental surveillance are among the many challenges.