Introduction – In France, the COVID-19 vaccination rate among children is low compared to that of adults. Our study aims to describe the use of COVID-19 vaccines among children aged 5–11 and to identify the determinants of their use. Method – This cohort study used data from the National Health Data System (SNDS, including the EPI-Mères mother-child registry) linked to the COVID Vaccine Information System (VAC-SI). The characteristics of children aged 5–11 years in 2021 who received at least one dose of the vaccine between January 1, 2021, and November 15, 2023, were described. Determinants were examined using adjusted logistic regression. Results – A total of 320,737 children aged 5 to 11 years (80% aged 8 years and older; 48% female) had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, representing 5.3% of this population. Among children at risk of severe disease, 7.8% were vaccinated. Increasing child age, the presence of maternal comorbidities, and residing in the Greater West (Normandy, adjusted odds ratio, ORa=1.12, 95% confidence interval, 95% CI: [1.10–1.14], Brittany aOR=1.04 [1.02–1.07]) vs. the Pays de la Loire region, and maternal vaccination (aOR=16.60 [16.04–17.17]) were positively associated with child vaccination, whereas residing in an area with a low socioeconomic status (deprivation index, Q5 vs. Q1: ORa=0.62 [0.61-0.63]) and in the Southeast (Occitanie ORa=0.48 [0.47-0.49], Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur ORa=0.37 [0.36-0.38]) were negatively associated. Conclusion – COVID-19 vaccination among children aged 5–11 remained very low in France, with 1 in 13 at-risk children vaccinated, and 1 in 20 children vaccinated overall. This low vaccination rate is also associated with lower socioeconomic status and residence in the Southeast of mainland France.