In France, in 2018, the estimated number of new cases of anal cancer was 2,011, including 479 in men and 1,532 in women. Key points: 5-year age-standardized survival rate of 66% (52% in men and 70% in women) for cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2015; A 12-percentage-point improvement in 5-year age-standardized net survival between 1990 and 2005, followed by stability between 2005 and 2015; Improved 5- and 10-year net survival, most pronounced among younger individuals; Stable net survival between 10 and 20 years of follow-up.