Background. In France, colorectal cancer accounts for approximately 36,000 new cases and 16,000 deaths each year. In 2000, the French Armed Forces Health Service launched a pilot study to assess the acceptability of colorectal cancer screening. Method. The target population consisted of Defense personnel (military and civilian) in the Île-de-France region aged 45 and older. The study took place from November 1, 2000, to December 31, 2004. During the medical examination, the physician offered the patient a colorectal cancer screening test (Hemoccult®II test) and completed a standardized data collection form. The rates of test acceptance, test completion, and study participation were calculated. Results. A total of 7,516 subjects were included. The mean age was 50.7 years. The male-to-female ratio was 3.1; 38.0% of the subjects were civilian employees of the Ministry of Defense. The test acceptance rate was 76.8%, the test completion rate was 75.4%, and the participation rate was estimated at 57.9%. Among the 75 patients with a positive Hemoccult®II test, 74 (98.7%) underwent a colonoscopy. Results were available for 68 of them, and adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in 2 subjects (2.9%). Discussion-Conclusion. The participation rate corresponds to that reported in the literature, and nearly all subjects with a positive test underwent a colonoscopy. Only two colorectal adenocarcinomas were detected; the young age of the target population was partly responsible for this low result. The Armed Forces Health Service has decided to implement a colorectal cancer screening campaign for Defense personnel aged 50 or older.