Background. - The objectives of this study are, first, to estimate the reported coverage of breast and cervical cancer screening over a two-year period and, second, to identify the main factors associated with the uptake of screening for these cancers. Methods. - Three groups of women from the INSEE’s 2003 Ten-Year Health Survey were analyzed: 3,378 women aged 50 to 74 and 7,912 women aged 25 to 65 who answered the questions regarding mammography and cervical, and 2,528 women aged 50 to 65 who answered both questions regarding mammography and Pap smear screening. Results. - The reported coverage of breast cancer screening was 71.2%, and that of cervical cancer screening was 76.3%. Nearly 18% of women reported having had neither a mammogram nor a Pap smear in the past two years. The main factor associated with more frequent participation in one of the two cancer screening tests (breast or cervical) was having recently undergone the other screening test. The other factors influencing mammography participation were primarily related to access to healthcare and a doctor. Factors influencing Pap smear screening were primarily socioeconomic and sociodemographic, although access to healthcare and a doctor was also linked to Pap smear screening. Factors associated with not undergoing either of these two screenings were mainly financial, particularly household income and home ownership. Conclusion. - The study showed that it is certainly appropriate to communicate about both screenings at the same time, since they reinforce each other. Finally, the doctor’s role remains central in providing information about screenings and in encouraging women who do not undergo them frequently to do so. (R.A.)