Introduction. Chronic bronchitis is associated with an increased risk of COPD and a reduced quality of life. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of chronic bronchitis in France and to describe its relationship with quality of life. Methods. The INSEE Health Survey was conducted in 2003 among the general population. Data were collected during home visits by an interviewer as well as via a self-administered questionnaire (respiratory symptoms and quality of life [SF-36]). The study population comprised 9,050 adults aged 45 years or older. Results. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was estimated at 3.5%. Chronic bronchitis was associated with a lower SF-36 physical health score, after adjusting for sex, age, and dyspnea. Among men, the mental health score was also lower in cases of chronic bronchitis. Among women, the association between chronic bronchitis and a lower mental health score was significant only in the absence of dyspnea. Conclusion. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was estimated at 3.5% among adults aged 45 years or older. It was associated with a lower quality of life.