This original study reveals the complex relationships between the conditions of remote work (the proportion of time spent working from home and four non-exhaustive material conditions: having a dedicated work space in the home, a second computer monitor, an office chair, and a keyboard) and the onset of low back pain. It examines depressive symptoms during the third lockdown due to the COVID-19 crisis, which was in effect from April 3 to May 2, 2021, in France.Based on two waves of the CoviPrev survey conducted online among the general population (in June and July 2021), structural equation models were applied to the 466 individuals who reported working from home at least one day per week during the lockdown and who did not have low back pain at the start of the lockdown.The prevalence of low back pain onset appeared to vary—albeit not significantly—depending on the proportion of the workweek spent working remotely, ranging from 9% for full-time remote work to 5% for hybrid work (part-time remote work).The physical conditions of remote work and the proportion of time spent working remotely were significantly associated with the level of satisfaction with remote work conditions. This same level of satisfaction was significantly associated with a lower risk of depressive symptoms and the onset of low back pain. Furthermore, the presence of depressive symptoms was also significantly associated with the onset of low back pain during the third lockdown. These results provide a better understanding of the chain of determinants leading to the onset of low back pain in a remote work setting. In addition to satisfaction with working conditions, these results highlight the importance of the physical conditions of remote work (dedicated room, second monitor, keyboard, office chair) but also certain aspects of work organization—such as the proportion of time spent working from home—in mitigating the health impacts of remote work.As regular remote work becomes established over the long term and profoundly changes work organization in sectors where it is feasible, these results help identify effective strategies for reducing the health impacts of remote work or hybrid work. Furthermore, combating a sedentary lifestyle—particularly while working remotely—is also essential to reducing the impact of working conditions on workers’ health.