Key points

Syphilis

• In 2016, the number of cases of recent syphilis diagnosed primarily at free information, screening, and diagnostic centers (CeGIDD) remained high but did not increase compared to 2015, regardless of sexual orientation, perhaps due to patients returning to private practice since the availability of extencillin.

• Stabilization is observed in the Île-de-France region and in most regions outside Île-de-France.

• Men who have sex with men (MSM) account for 81% of cases reported in 2016.

Gonococcal Infections

• The number of reported gonococcal infections continues to rise (+32% between 2015 and 2016), both in the Île-de-France region and overall in other regions.

• The increase is more pronounced among MSM (+41% over the same period) compared to heterosexuals (+4%). MSM accounted for 69% of cases reported in 2016.

• Regarding surveillance of gonococcal antibiotic susceptibility, no strains resistant to ceftriaxone (the standard treatment) have been isolated since 2011. Nevertheless, culture prior to antibiotic therapy remains essential for testing the susceptibility of gonococcal strains.

Chlamydia Infections

• Between 2015 and 2016, the reported number of urogenital infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis did not increase. The number of cases had increased by 14% between 2014 and 2015. Two-thirds (63%) of the cases reported in 2016 involved women, mostly aged 15 to 24.

• The number of anorectal Chlamydia trachomatis infections (rectal lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) and non-L serovar infections) increased in 2016. More than 90% of cases involved MSM.

HIV/AIDS

• The rate of HIV co-infection remains high among MSM with an anorectal Chlamydia trachomatis infection (LGV or non-L), recent syphilis, or gonorrhea, reflecting insufficient condom use among HIV-positive MSM.