This article presents the results of the 2016 Health Barometer regarding the practice of certain hygiene and preventive measures designed to limit the spread of winter respiratory infections. Methods: 5,014 people aged 18 to 75 were surveyed by telephone between January and August 2016 on the frequency of handwashing in various everyday situations, covering their mouths when coughing or sneezing, and, in the event of a respiratory illness, avoiding kissing infants and avoiding crowded places. Results: In 2016, 79.0% of respondents reported washing their hands “systematically” after using the restroom, 71.9% before caring for a baby, and 63.2% before cooking; these figures are comparable to those from 2006. Two behaviors—washing hands after blowing one’s nose (39.0%) and washing hands after using public transportation (24.7%)—were less systematic but on the rise. When sneezing, 41.6% of respondents said they cover their mouth with their elbow or with a cloth or tissue, as recommended since 2010. When experiencing flu-like symptoms, avoiding kissing an infant was routine for 8 out of 10 people; avoiding public places was routine for only 20.4%. Conclusion: In 2016, preventive messages about protecting oneself and others from winter respiratory infections, including the flu, appeared to be widely known; however, behaviors varied depending on the situation. These results underscore the need to follow the recommendations of the High Council for Public Health and to renew annual campaigns promoting preventive measures, using appropriate methods.