Introduction: The prevalence of smoking among women has been steadily increasing since the early 1970s. This article aims to describe its impact, in metropolitan France, on recent trends in morbidity and mortality for three conditions closely linked to smoking (lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and myocardial infarction) and on the number of deaths attributable to smoking for all tobacco-related diseases. Methods: Smoking prevalence data are derived from quota-based general population surveys (1974–1991) and subsequently from the Baromètre santé (1992–2017). Morbidity data were derived from PMSI-MCO hospitalization data for myocardial infarction and COPD exacerbations, and from cancer registry data for estimates of lung cancer incidence. Mortality data were extracted from the national database of medical causes of death. Smoking-attributable deaths were calculated by combining mortality data, lung cancer death rates, and smoking-associated adjusted relative risks of death. Results: The incidence of lung cancer increased by 72% among women between 2002 and 2012, while it remained stable among men. For COPD exacerbations, the incidence of hospitalized patients doubled between 2002 and 2015 among women and increased by 30% among men. For myocardial infarction before age 65, the incidence increased by 50% between 2002 and 2015 among women and by 16% among men. Similarly, mortality from lung cancer and COPD increased by 71% and 3%, respectively, among women and decreased by 15% and 21% among men. The largest increases in smoking prevalence and morbidity and mortality were observed among women aged 45 to 64. Finally, the estimated number of deaths attributable to smoking doubled between 2000 and 2014 among women. Conclusion: The increase in smoking prevalence among women since the 1970s has major repercussions on morbidity and mortality from tobacco-related diseases. It is necessary to continue efforts focused on smoking prevention in France and to explore the possibility of gender-specific individual smoking cessation support.