Background: Epidemiological surveillance of suicide attempts is essential for monitoring indicators when evaluating implemented prevention measures. As part of this surveillance, the analysis of hospitalization data for suicide attempts is particularly useful. Materials and methods: For the first time, national data from the "Program for the Medicalization of Information Systems in Medicine, Surgery, and Obstetrics" (PMSI-MCO) and the "Medical Information Collection in Psychiatry" (RIM-P) were analyzed jointly. All individuals aged 10 years and older hospitalized in 2012 in mainland France in medical, surgical, or psychiatric wards following a suicide attempt were included. Results: In 2012, 89,072 patients (62% women and 38% men) accounted for a total of 134,051 hospital stays following a suicide attempt, of whom 93.4% (n = 83,196) were admitted to medical or surgical wards and 32.1% (n = 28,594) to psychiatric wards (either exclusively or following a stay in medical or surgical wards). However, among patients transferred to psychiatry after hospitalization in medical or surgical wards for a suicide attempt, 82.4% did not have a suicide attempt code recorded during their psychiatric hospitalization. One or more psychiatric diagnoses were recorded in 75% of individuals hospitalized for suicide attempts. Among both men and women, the most common diagnoses were mood disorders (46%), particularly depression (42%; 44% among women and 38% among men). A diagnosis of mental disorders related to alcohol use was recorded in more than a quarter of patients, more often in men (37%) than in women (21%). Certain diagnoses were rarely recorded in medical or surgical departments, such as anxiety disorders and personality and behavioral disorders. Conclusion: Improving the epidemiological surveillance of suicide attempts requires systematic coding of hospitalizations in psychiatry as well as in internal medicine and surgery. The value of psychiatric data lies in a more precise identification of psychiatric comorbidities associated with suicide attempts. The frequent presence of mental disorders in cases of suicide attempts should prompt clinicians to systematically screen for these symptoms as soon as possible after the patient’s arrival.