Introduction - In New Caledonia, only surveys conducted among school-aged youth provide data on the epidemiology of suicidal behavior. These surveys make it possible to estimate the prevalence of reported suicide attempts (SA) and suicidal thoughts and to study the associated factors among adolescents. Method - The results of this study are based on data from the 2019 Youth Health Barometer, a cross-sectional descriptive survey conducted among a random sample of secondary school students. Results - Among young people aged 10–18, 15.7% reported having seriously considered suicide in the past 12 months, and 9.8% reported having attempted suicide. Gender is a significant variable: girls are twice as likely as boys to report these behaviors. The most significant risk factors associated with the occurrence of suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts are: having experienced violence; parents who rarely or never understand their problems and rarely or never know what they do in their free time; and the use of psychoactive substances. The results also highlight an increased risk of suicide attempts among young people in Oceania and those living in tribal communities, compared to young Europeans and those living in cities. Discussion - Our data confirm the importance, from a mental health promotion perspective, of intervening to prevent violence (physical, sexual, and psychological), addictive behaviors, and to improve the family environment.