Focusing on the analysis of antibiotic consumption and prescribing in the outpatient sector, this article traces trends over the 2010–2020 period using data from the National Health Data System. It also assesses the significant impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on antibiotic use in 2020. In 2020, a 17% decrease in consumption, expressed in terms of defined daily doses, was observed, along with an 18% decrease in the number of prescriptions compared to what was expected for 2020. Enhanced hygiene measures, social distancing measures, and lockdown periods helped slow the transmission of bacterial and viral infections. Furthermore, the pandemic resulted in a reduction in the number of medical consultations and, consequently, in the number of prescriptions. The results presented also take into account patients’ age and gender: women receive more antibiotic prescriptions than men. And it is among the youngest age groups that prescriptions declined the most between 2010 and 2020. Furthermore, general practitioners account for the vast majority of antibiotic prescriptions, but their prescription rates decreased during the study period. It remains to be seen, in the coming years, whether the pandemic has changed behaviors and contributed to greater adherence to hygiene measures. If so, a sustained reduction in antibiotic use could be observed.