In response to a request from the Directorate General for Health and the Directorate General for Labor regarding the appropriateness of conducting an epidemiological study of the Gardanne alumina plant concerning the health of local residents and workers, Santé publique France launched two initial studies in 2018: a study of expectations and the local context, and a mortality study. This report presents the results of the mortality study. The objectives of the study were to analyze the risk of all-cause mortality (excluding violent deaths) and mortality from specific causes among the population residing in municipalities exposed to emissions from Alteo sites, compared to the population of the rest of the Provence Mining Basin and the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. The study areas were defined based on exposure to atmospheric emissions from the Altéo sites, in consultation with a local liaison committee. Analyses were conducted separately for men and women, taking into account the underlying cause of death. The comparison of overall mortality between the exposed and unexposed areas over the 1968–2015 period was performed using the direct age-standardization method. Over the 2006–2015 period, indirect age-standardization was used to compare overall and cause-specific mortality in exposed and unexposed areas at the regional level, taking into account the dispersion of mortality data. The analysis of mortality risk in the exposed area compared to the area considered unexposed over the 2006–2015 period was conducted by accounting for potential confounding factors (social deprivation index and population density) using a quasi-Poisson regression. Over the 1968–2015 period, the results of this study show that in the area exposed to Altéo’s industrial sites, overall mortality excluding violent deaths was higher than in the unexposed area up until the 1987–1995 period, for both men and women. Since the 1990s, mortality has been comparable between the zones and with the region. Over the 2006–2015 decade, for most of the specific causes of death studied, no significant difference in mortality was observed between the zones and with the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (PACA) region. The main significant finding concerns excess mortality from Alzheimer’s disease observed in both exposed and unexposed areas among women compared to the regional level, though without a statistically significant difference between the areas. As a reminder, spatial mortality analyses do not formally allow the observed mortality to be attributed to one or more specific factors, including pollution in general and pollution emitted by Altéo sites in particular. Santé publique France plans to repeat this mortality study within a minimum of five years to monitor these mortality indicators.