Key Points

• Increase in the incidence of diphtheria in recent years: 12 cases between January 2019 and June 2021

• An infant died in 2021 from toxic ENT diphtheria

• The condition is likely underdiagnosed in Mayotte because it is unfamiliar to healthcare professionals

• Risk of resurgence due to insufficient vaccination coverage among children and adults

• Highly contagious, diphtheria is a notifiable disease