Prevention of arboviral diseases relies on integrated pest management to combine community-based control measures, physical control (destruction of breeding sites and environmental management), and larvicidal and adulticidal treatments. Since the chikungunya epidemic that occurred on Reunion Island between 2005 and 2007, social mobilization campaigns have been carried out. Awareness-raising operations supported by the government are organized by associations—local agents of social mobilization—in urban neighborhoods. An entomological monitoring study was conducted to assess the impact of these actions over a one-month period on the population’s behavior regarding the destruction of breeding sites around their homes. Of the seven urban neighborhoods monitored in 2006 and 2007, six showed a decrease in larval densities measured in the days following these actions. However, in six neighborhoods, these densities rose again 15 days after the awareness campaign, indicating the campaign’s limited impact over time. Although the number of breeding sites containing larvae decreased significantly after the operation, small containers still accounted for the majority of breeding sites found (75% of the sites described). This operation demonstrates its value in the short-term elimination of larval breeding sites and should continue to be integrated into public awareness campaigns on arbovirus prevention in Réunion. (R.A.)