In response to a request from the Directorate General for Health regarding the need for epidemiological surveillance in the Lacq industrial area, Santé publique France developed a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Three studies were thus undertaken: an analysis of the local context, a geographic mortality study, and an exploratory morbidity study. This report presents the results of the first study on the analysis of the local context. Its objective was to identify the perceptions, questions, and expectations of various local stakeholders regarding the links between health and the environment around the industrial site. To produce this report, Santé publique France relied on a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews (n=39) conducted by Ifop with various categories of stakeholders: representatives of government agencies, local elected officials, industry representatives, employee union representatives, healthcare professionals, local residents, environmental and health advocacy groups, and on certain findings from the Acter program (Supporting Changes Toward Resilient Territories) involving the CNRS and the University of Pau. The importance of the employment/economy dimension emerges among all interviewees in reference to a deeply rooted local industrial history (exploitation of France’s largest gas field), but also due to fears following the cessation of this activity and the ongoing restructuring of local industrial activities. The health/environment axis appears to be a growing concern, with varying levels of anxiety depending on the stakeholders interviewed. It is highlighted in particular by the two main associations and is echoed in the local press. The results of epidemiological studies are awaited, even though the absence of a causal conclusion is anticipated due to methodological limitations (multifactoriality, cocktail effects). Transparency regarding the methods and conditions under which epidemiological studies are conducted is particularly expected, given suspicions of collusion between the public actors (the Agency) conducting them, the government, and industry. Better information for local healthcare professionals regarding pollutants and their impact on health was also requested. Finally, an assessment of the frequency of certain symptoms or conditions not necessarily included in the databases used by epidemiologists was strongly supported. A self-reported health survey will be considered shortly to address this.