The Vespa2 survey was conducted in 2011 among 598 patients receiving HIV care in hospitals in Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana (Cayenne), Saint Martin, and Réunion. The weighted and adjusted data can be extrapolated to the population living with HIV and receiving hospital care in these departments. Social indicators in 2011 appear relatively stable compared to 2003. They are characterized by low rates of employment (despite the prevalence of undeclared work), low incomes, and high levels of food restrictions due to lack of money, with a more unfavorable situation in the French departments of the Americas than in Réunion. Non-disclosure of the disease to loved ones, unchanged since 2003, remains a common phenomenon in the Antilles and French Guiana. The proportion of people receiving treatment increased significantly between 2003 and 2011 and is at the same level as in mainland France. Treatment outcomes are identical to those in mainland France in terms of CD4 counts, but the proportion of uncontrolled viral loads (ranging from 67.9% to 81.7%) is higher. In the overseas departments—territories with contrasting epidemiological and social situations—the increased effectiveness of treatments has led to improved health status across the board, while the social situation has shown no progress between the two waves of the survey.