Background - Illegal gold miners are currently a major reservoir of malaria in French Guiana, with a risk of resistance emerging due to the misuse of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). The remoteness of gold-mining sites and regulatory challenges hinder their access to care, despite free health services. Materials and Methods - A quasi-experimental research project (Malakit), implemented in strategic areas along French Guiana’s borders with Brazil and Suriname, evaluated the effectiveness of distributing self-diagnosis and self-treatment kits to illegal gold miners following training. The evaluation relied on questionnaires administered during the intervention (kit distribution) and on pre- and post-intervention surveys. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of individuals reporting use of a validated ACT following a positive malaria diagnosis. Secondary indicators assessed adherence to antimalarial treatment, proper use of the kits, and the impact on malaria epidemiology. Results - The proportion of patients reporting use of a validated ACT following a positive malaria diagnosis increased after the intervention, rising from 54.2% to 68.2% (odds ratio: OR: 1.8; 95% confidence interval: 95% CI: [1.1–3.0]). From April 2018 to March 2020, 3,733 people participated in the intervention. The kit was used correctly by 71.7% [65.8–77.7] of the 223 people who reported using a Malakit kit during follow-up visits. No serious adverse events related to misuse of the Malakit kit were reported. The intervention appears to have accelerated the decline in malaria incidence in the region by 42.9%. Discussion - This innovative international project demonstrated that people with low levels of education can self-manage effectively when experiencing malaria symptoms. This strategy could be integrated into malaria control programs in the countries concerned and considered in other regions where malaria persists in remote areas. At a time when France is committed to eliminating malaria within its borders by 2025, continuing malaria control efforts among this population, which is outside the healthcare system, is essential. Regulatory exemptions would allow for more active intervention among this population on French territory, whereas our Surinamese neighbors have incorporated this strategy into their national malaria control program.