Introduction – The COVID-19 crisis has had multiple consequences that may limit people’s access to sufficient and balanced nutrition, particularly among the most vulnerable. In French Guiana, more than half the population lives below the poverty line, and this is even more pronounced among young people. Therefore, it seemed important to assess the extent of food insecurity among students in the context of the health crisis. Objective – The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of food insecurity (FI) among students at the University of French Guiana (UG) and to describe the profiles of these students in 2022. Materials and Methods – A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted between April 9 and June 20, 2022, among students enrolled at UG for the 2021–2022 academic year. Each student was invited to complete an online self-administered questionnaire. FS was assessed using the short version of the 6-item U.S. Food Security Survey Module (FSSM). This scale classified students into three categories based on their score: food secure, food insecure, or severely food insecure. A logistic regression model was used to examine the main factors associated with this very low food security. Results – Two hundred eighty-six students responded to the questionnaire, and 276 were included in the analysis. After adjusting the sample for gender, age, field of study, and place of birth, the prevalence of very low food security was 50.5% (95% confidence interval, 95% CI: [42.3–58.6]). In our sample, factors associated with very low food security included not having enough money to cover one’s needs, having been financially impacted by the COVID-19 crisis, not having health insurance, not being able to rely on someone in one’s social circle for housing and/or material assistance, and not having been encouraged to pursue university studies. Furthermore, students with very low food security reported having an unbalanced diet and poor mental health more often than other students. Conclusion – This finding, which comes against the backdrop of post-pandemic inflation, revealed the high vulnerability of students regarding their food security. This concerning prevalence compels us to consider short-term improvement strategies for the benefit of students in French Guiana.