Introduction: Surveys on the public’s fears and attitudes regarding the risk of epidemics are rare. A survey was conducted among the general population of the Rhône-Alpes Region to describe perceptions of this risk in general, as well as specifically regarding current epidemics. Methods: A representative sample of 600 people was interviewed by telephone. Data regarding major fears, knowledge of infectious diseases, reactions in the event of a new epidemic, the level of trust in various stakeholders, and the role of the Rhône-Alpes Regional Council in public health matters were collected. Results: Epidemics were not perceived as a major threat. SARS was the least well-known disease. Only 20% of respondents reported changing their behavior during the avian influenza outbreak. The majority of people would follow guidelines and agree to be quarantined if an epidemic broke out. Approximately 90% of individuals stated that the Regional Council should be involved in public health issues such as avian influenza. Conclusion: The results of this study could serve as a starting point for other, larger-scale studies in other regions and at the national level to gain a broader understanding of the French population’s perception of epidemic risk. They could also be used by policymakers and healthcare professionals to plan specific actions. (R.A.)