Chlordecone, an organochlorine insecticide, was used from 1981 to 1993 in the French West Indies in banana plantations to control the weevil Cosmopolites sordidus. Because it is highly persistent, the insecticide is still found in the environment today. In Martinique, measurements taken since 1999 have shown the presence of chlordecone in certain drinking water catchments. Analyses conducted from May 2003 to May 2004 indicate contamination of certain soils; analyses of plant and animal products reveal the presence of residues in certain root vegetables (but not in fruits or above-ground vegetables) and animal products. Consequently, measures have already been taken regarding water sources (closure of a well and purification of water collected from a river), root vegetables (monitoring of vegetables grown on contaminated plots and withdrawal from the market if contaminated), unused products (collection of unused products), fish (ban on shore fishing in certain areas, closure of a fish farm), and public information. In addition, work is underway to refine the assessment of soil contamination (mapping) and the transfer of contaminants from soil to plants, and to evaluate consumer exposure with the aim of establishing MRLs. The results will enable the adaptation and improvement of the action plan, which is currently based on current knowledge and the precautionary principle.