This article is a critical analysis of the following study: Jovanovic S, Felder-Kennel A, Gabrio T, Kouros B, Link B, Maisner V, Piechotowski I, Schick KH, Schrimpf M, Weidner U, Zollner I, Schwenk M. Indoor fungi levels in homes of children with and without a history of allergies. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2004 Sep;207(4):369-78. This case-control study aims to compare mold concentrations in the homes of school-aged children exhibiting clinical signs consistent with an allergic condition (n = 199) with a control group showing no clinical signs (n = 198). It was conducted in four health districts of Baden-Württemberg (Germany) between November 1999 and March 2000. The authors conclude that there is no association between the presence of mold and respiratory symptoms, but the study has numerous limitations both epidemiologically and methodologically. Neither the study’s objectives nor the definition of “cases” are clearly specified at any point. The data available in this survey appear promising, particularly due to the relatively large number of children who participated in the study and the substantial amount of data collected. However, the analysis of the data has numerous shortcomings, and the authors seem intent on persuading the reader that their results align with the literature, rather than discussing their originality and limitations, which is unfortunate. (Excerpts from the article)