We assessed the impact of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination, introduced in France in early 1993, on the incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) disease up to 2008. The incidence of Hi meningitis fell from 0·9/100 000 in 1991-1992 to 0·09/100 000 in 1996-2008, with a marked decline (96%) in children aged