Objectives: This study focuses on family caregivers of individuals with neurodegenerative diseases. It aims to highlight the consequences for these caregivers of devoting part of their time and their physical, emotional, and financial resources to caring for a sick loved one. Methods: Based on the 2008 Handicap-Santé survey, we have a sample of 506 caregivers for whom it was possible to describe the characteristics of the care provided and its consequences. These caregivers were then matched with others having similar characteristics but caring for people without neurodegenerative diseases, in order to isolate the specific effect of this type of disease on the particular consequences borne by caregivers. Results: On average, a caregiver provided more than four hours of care each day, with a marked difference between those living with the person they were caring for (more than six hours per day) and those who did not (1 hour and 30 minutes per day). Half of the caregivers for people with Alzheimer’s disease reported that providing care required them to make sacrifices (compared to less than 40% of other caregivers). More than 40% said they did not have enough time for themselves (10 percentage points more than other caregivers), and one-third reported that this affected their own health (compared to one in five among other caregivers). Conclusion: All caregivers, but particularly those caring for people with neurodegenerative diseases who strive daily to meet the needs of their loved ones, need support, respite, assistance, and training to cope with the consequences of the care they provide.