Introduction - Low back pain is a major public health issue, both in France and worldwide. The objective of this study was to analyze the national temporal trend and the interdepartmental spatio-temporal variations in the incidence rate of surgical cases of lumbar disc herniation (LDH), considered a marker of lumboradiculopathy and, more generally, of low back pain, by sex, among the working-age population, between 2006 and 2014, in metropolitan France. Materials and Methods - Cases were selected from the database of the Program for the Medicalization of Information Systems (PMSI) using the codes for "surgical procedures for LDH from the Common Classification of Medical Procedures." The incidence rate was modeled using a hierarchical Bayesian spatiotemporal Poisson regression model incorporating random effects at the departmental level and adjusted for year, age, economic sectors, physician density, and urbanization rate. Results - The national incidence rate of HDL surgical cases had decreased among both men and women, by an average of -3.8% per year, 95% credibility interval (95% CI) [-4.6%; -2.9%], and -3.3% [-4.2%; -2.3%]. The highest risks were observed in the Southwest, Southeast, Northeast, and Northwest departments. Discussion - A decrease in the incidence rate of surgical HDL cases was observed for both sexes over the period. The interdepartmental disparities identified were partly explained by contextual factors.