Introduction: Work-related mental distress is becoming an increasingly significant factor among occupational diseases. However, it is not included in any list of recognized occupational diseases under the various social security systems. Method: Using data from the Occupational Disease Surveillance Program (MCP), the annual prevalence rates of work-related psychological distress were calculated for the period 2007 to 2012. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to test the association between work-related psychological distress and age, socioeconomic status, and industry sector. Results: The prevalence rate of work-related psychological distress was twice as high among women as among men, regardless of the year (3.1% among women versus 1.4% among men in 2012). This rate increased over the 2007–2012 period for both women and men. Age and socioeconomic status were strongly associated with work-related psychological distress, unlike economic sector. Discussion and conclusion: The increase in the prevalence rates of work-related psychological distress over the 2007–2012 period coincides with a documented deterioration in working conditions and growing media coverage of this issue. Sectors of activity appear to be affected by psychological distress through their sociodemographic structure.