Introduction - Underreporting of work-related conditions refers to the proportion of conditions that do not enter the compensation system even though they meet the criteria. Monitoring this phenomenon is of particular interest in light of the partial revision in 2011 of Table 57, which outlines the criteria for recognizing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of the limbs. The objective of the study is to describe trends in underreporting between 2009 and 2015 for four categories of MSDs (shoulder, elbow, lumbar spine, and carpal tunnel syndrome—CTS). Materials and Methods - The underreporting indicator was calculated based on the number of MSDs recognized as occupational diseases (under the general Social Security system and the agricultural system) and the number of unrecognized MSDs, estimated using the occupational disease surveillance program (MCP) of Santé publique France. Results - Underreporting indicators for CTS, spinal MSDs, and elbow MSDs showed a downward trend over the period (from 55% [49–61] to 43% [25–56]); from 60% [44–73] to 52% [30–66]; and from 70% [63–76] to 60% [47–72], respectively). The rate for shoulder MSDs remained relatively stable (from 65% [57–69] to 59% [48–68]), apart from a one-time drop in 2013 (48% [38–57]). Discussion and Conclusion - The downward trend in the indicators likely reflects improved reporting by employees when they are eligible for compensation. However, the revision of the recognition criteria for shoulder MSDs in 2011 did not result in a lasting change in the underreporting rate until 2015.