Objective - This study describes changes in the populations of employees and self-employed workers in France between 2007 and 2015, as well as differences in their exposure to flour dust, cereal dust, and formaldehyde. Methods - Data from the 2007, 2011, and 2015 population censuses were cross-referenced with three job-exposure matrices from the Matgéné program concerning flour dust, cereal dust, and formaldehyde. Changes in the distribution of workers and the proportions exposed to the three pollutants were analyzed by employment status (salaried vs. non-salaried), gender, and economic sector. Results - Between 2007 and 2015, the salaried workforce remained stable, while the non-salaried workforce increased by 10.7%. The sectors with the largest increases were social services among employees and human health activities among non-employees. In 2015, the proportion of those exposed was higher among the self-employed than among employees for the three hazards studied (flour: 1.5% vs. 1.0%; grains: 3.0% vs. 0.1%; formaldehyde: 1.3% vs. 0.2%). Conclusion - This study highlights differences in exposure based on worker status and shows that the self-employed population, which has been growing in France over the past decade, is proportionally more exposed than the employed population. These results can help guide prevention efforts by targeting sectors and occupational exposures that remain a concern, particularly for the self-employed population not monitored by occupational health services.