Following the reemergence of West Nile virus (WNV) in the Camargue in September 2000, a multi-species surveillance program was implemented in 2001 across the three departments of the Camargue, and was subsequently expanded in late 2003 to cover the entire Mediterranean region. This WNV surveillance program, coordinated by the Ministries of Health and Agriculture, combines a multidisciplinary approach with components covering humans, horses, birds, and entomology. From 2003 to 2006, WNV was detected on three occasions: in the Var department in the summer of 2003 with 7 human cases and 4 equine cases, again in the Camargue in September 2004 with 32 equine cases and 13 avian seroconversions, and in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in late September 2006 with 5 equine cases. Viral circulation remained localized in both time and space. The viral strain was identified in birds in 2004. Control measures were implemented in the departments affected by VWN, including targeted mosquito control efforts, individual preventive measures against mosquito bites, and restrictions on blood donations. (R.A.)