Lyme disease (LD) is the most common tick-borne infectious disease in France. There is currently no vaccine against LD, so preventive measures aimed at preventing the transmission of Borrelia through tick bites are essential. In 2016, a specific module on prevention practices and awareness of LD—referred to as Lyme disease in the survey—was included in the Health Barometer. The Health Barometer is a random telephone survey conducted between January and August 2016 among 15,216 people aged 15 to 75 living in metropolitan France. In 2016, one-quarter of the metropolitan population reported having been bitten by a tick at some point in their lives. At the same time, 22% of the population felt exposed to tick bites. Only 28% of the population reported feeling well-informed about Lyme disease, and 35% had never heard of it. Those who had already been bitten, those who felt exposed, and those living in high-incidence regions were more likely to report being well-informed about the disease. Among those who felt exposed, the preferred protective measures were wearing long clothing (66%) and checking for ticks after exposure (48%) rather than using repellents (16%). This study highlighted that a significant proportion of the population has already been bitten and feels at risk, although the level of information about Lyme disease varies widely across the country. This initial study could help tailor messages and take into account the characteristics of target populations in future prevention campaigns.