Human listeriosis is a bacterial disease transmitted through the consumption of contaminated food. It is a notifiable disease. A standardized dietary questionnaire is completed by the Regional Health Agency for each reported case and forwarded to the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS). The National Reference Center for Listeria (CNRL), located at the Pasteur Institute, contributes to surveillance by characterizing and genotyping the strains sent by laboratories. This typing allows for the rapid detection of cases infected simultaneously with a strain of the same genotype, and enables the InVS to search for a common food source in the interviews of cases reported by the CNRL. If a common source is suspected, further investigations are conducted by the Directorate General for Food (DGAL) and its departmental offices. Since 2001, six investigations have identified a common source and prevented an outbreak. Since 2006, the incidence has remained stable at around 0.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, with approximately 300 cases, 50 deaths, and a dozen fetal deaths or stillbirths each year. Maternal-neonatal forms account for 15% of cases, with a ratio of 5 cases per 100,000 births. The current incidence is close to that reported by most European countries, where incidence has also remained stable since 2007. (R.A.)